python处理shell的几个模块

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python处理shell的几个模块

运维写python难免要与shell命令交互，介绍几个常用模块

• commands
• os.system
• os.popen
• sh

1. os.system模块

   >>> import os
   >>> a = os.system('ls')
   test.txt
   >>> print a
   0
   >>> a = os.system('lsl')
   sh: lsl: command not found
   >>> print a
   32512
   

   执行shell命令，并且直接输出结果，结果不可捕获，成功返回0

2. os.popen模块

   >>> import os
   >>> a = os.popen('ls')
   >>> print type(a)
   <type 'file'>
   >>> print a.read()
   test.txt
   
   >>>
   

   执行shell命令，可以捕获到结果，用file的方式返回，对其进行读取使用read()

3. sh模块

   执行shell命令

   >>> import sh
   >>> sh.ls('.')
   test.txt
   

   执行带参数的shell命令

   >>> ls = sh.ls.bake('-al')
   >>> ls('.')
   total 0
   drwxr-xr-x   3 playcrab  staff   102  4 17 22:36 .
   drwxr-xr-x+ 61 playcrab  staff  2074  4 17 22:36 ..
   -rw-r--r--   1 playcrab  staff     0  4 17 22:36 test.txt
   
   >>>
   

   打印结果和类型

   >>> a = sh.ls('.')
   >>> print a
   nihao.txt   test.txt
   
   >>> print type(a)
   <class 'sh.RunningCommand'>
   

   执行shell脚本

   >>> a = sh.Command('/Users/playcrab/nihao/nihao.sh')
   >>> a()
   123
   
   >>>
   

   管道

   >>> a = sh.wc.bake('-l')
   >>> a(sh.ls('/Users/playcrab/nihao/nihao.sh'))
          1
   
   >>>
   

4. commands模块

   简单获取命令返回值，执行结果

   >>> import commands
   >>> status,output = commands.getstatusoutput('ls')
   >>> print status,output
   0 nihao.sh
   nihao.txt
   test.txt
   

   直接返回执行结果

   >>> commands.getoutput('pwd')
   '/Users/playcrab/nihao'
   

   还有一个getstatus方法，据说已经废掉了，就不介绍了